India’s RBI Flags Stablecoin Risks, Advocates Digital Rupee Priority

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) warns that risks from stablecoins to macrofinancial stability outweigh their benefits. In its Financial Stability Report, RBI advocates prioritizing Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) like Indias digital rupee over privately issued stablecoins to preserve trust in money and financial stability.

• RBIs Financial Stability Report explicitly states stablecoin risks exceed purported benefits.
• RBI strongly urges countries to favor CBDCs over private stablecoins for financial trust.
• Indias digital rupee pilot has reached over 5 million users and 400,000 merchants since December 2022.

What is the RBIs stance on stablecoins？

The RBIs stance on stablecoins is cautious and critical, as outlined in its Financial Stability Report released on Wednesday. The report asserts that “risks from stablecoins to macrofinancial stability outweigh their purported benefits,” emphasizing threats to monetary trust and overall financial stability. RBI strongly advocates for countries to prioritize Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) over privately issued stablecoins.

What is the status of Indias digital rupee pilot？

India has been developing its digital rupee for over two years, with testing commencing in December 2022. The pilot program has expanded significantly, now boasting over 5 million users and 400,000 merchants, according to recent RBI updates. This initiative aligns with RBIs preference for sovereign digital currencies amid global stablecoin adoption. Meanwhile, India imposes a 30% tax on crypto gains and a 1% tax on transactions, while Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has reiterated that private cryptocurrencies will not be recognized as legal tender.

Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat risks does RBI highlight regarding stablecoins？

The RBI identifies stablecoins as posing substantial threats to macrofinancial stability, potentially undermining trust in fiat money. The Financial Stability Report recommends regulatory focus on CBDCs to mitigate these risks, drawing from observed global adoption patterns without endorsing private issuers.

How does Indias crypto taxation impact stablecoin usage？

India taxes cryptocurrency gains at a flat 30% rate and levies a 1% tax deducted at source on all crypto transactions. This framework discourages widespread stablecoin usage by increasing costs, complementing RBIs push for the regulated digital rupee as a stable alternative.

Key Takeaways

• RBI prioritizes CBDCs over stablecoins: The report underscores that sovereign digital currencies better safeguard financial stability.
• Digital rupee pilot scales rapidly: Over 5 million users and 400,000 merchants reflect strong adoption momentum since 2022.
• Banking sector remains resilient: Gross bad loans projected to fall to 1.9% by March 2027, though NBFCs face rising stresses.

Conclusion

The RBI‘s Financial Stability Report reinforces India’s cautious stance on stablecoins, prioritizing the digital rupee and CBDCs to counter macrofinancial risks. With gross bad loans in banks expected to decline to 1.9% by March 2027 and NBFC stresses under watch via rigorous testing, the financial system demonstrates resilience. Governor Sanjay Malhotra noted the economy‘s robustness amid external challenges, signaling continued guardrails for stability. Investors should monitor CBDC developments for future opportunities in India’s evolving digital asset landscape.

Indias Banking Sector Outlook

The report projects a positive trajectory for Indian banks, with gross bad loans (GNPA) potentially dropping to 1.9% by the end of March 2027 from 2.1% as of September 2025. “The Indian economy and the financial system remain robust and resilient,” Governor Sanjay Malhotra stated in the foreword, while acknowledging near-term external spillovers.

What do stress tests reveal about NBFCs？

RBI conducted stress tests on 174 Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) over a one-year horizon. Under baseline scenarios with GDP growth at 7.3% this year and 6.7%-6.8% in early 2026-27, NBFC gross bad loans may rise modestly to 2.9% from 2.3%. However, even as GNPA ratios decline, fresh non-performing asset accretions are increasing, alongside higher loan write-offs, signaling portfolio stresses. NBFCs, vital for credit to underserved sectors, face calls for selectivity after RBIs October 2025 advisory on risky personal loans and credit cards. Adverse scenarios could push bank GNPA to 3.2% or 4.2% in sharp downturns.

Insurance firms are also spending more, pressuring sector profits. Globally, peers like the European Central Bank advance digital euro plans, while China has deployed its digital yuan across cities, as noted in reports from sources such as Cryptopolitan. India‘s framework balances innovation with stability, reinforcing RBI’s stablecoin skepticism.

This comprehensive assessment from the RBI Financial Stability Report provides critical insights into balancing digital currency risks with financial health. The emphasis on CBDCs positions India strategically in the global shift toward regulated digital money.